Subsurface voids pose significant challenges to geotechnical integrity. Accurately identifying these voids is fundamental for ensuring the security of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole examination, can be time-consuming and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground penet
Geotechnical exploration strategies are essential for characterizing website cavities and voids within the subsurface. These structures can significantly affect the stability of foundations, infrastructure, and slope. A variety of non-invasive exploration methods are employed to identify cavities and voids. These include drilling, geophysical techn
Geophysical exploration employs a crucial role in the identification and characterization of potential mineral deposits. By employing various physical methods, geologists can survey beneath the Earth's surface to identify subsurface structures and anomalies indicative of mineral richness. These geophysical techniques often involve the measurement